The human body is so smart that anatomists and physiologists, physicians and surgeons have not been able to adequately configure it. So then let us start with anatomy, and look into the heart’s left ventricle (LV) as an example of how its intrinsically optimal shape efficiently contributes to its physiological performance. This will show us how mathematical formulation and computation of the LV shape-based contractility index can enable (i) assessment of its performance, and (ii) also precise medical diagnostics of a cardiomyopathic heart.

01-09

Hirayama Disease (HD), also known as Monomelic Amyotrophy is a cervical myopathy which is characterized by progressive muscular wasting and weakness of distal part of the upper limb in young men, followed by spontaneous arrest within several years. HD specifically affects the lower motor neurons of nerve roots C7, C8 and T1 myotomes. Males are more commonly predisposed in comparison to females. Symptoms of the disease typically begin between the ages of 15-25 years old. The disease is most common reported in Asian regions especially in Japan, China and India.

10-12

Psychosis is generally an illness that appears in early adolescence to young adulthood and presents bimodally in females. A very small number of patients develop psychotic symptoms for the first time in later life in the absence of a dementia or secondary organic causes. Psychotic disorders develop because of an interplay between environmental, biological and social factors. An accurate diagnosis can be difficult and a detailed history is the best tool for diagnosis.

13-16

Baastrup’s disease, or “kissing spine disease”, is a degenerative condition, most commonly involving the spines of L4-L5 vertebras. The spinous processes closely approximate or even touch. The entity is fairly common but usually underdiagnosed and leading to inappropriate treatment. This article presents a case of a 36-year old woman who presented with chronic low back pain from last one and the half years. On carrying out imaging studies “kissing” posterior spinous processes were revealed which are indicative of a diagnosis for Baastrup’s Disease.

17-21

Foreign body in the neck possess major threat owing to presence of vital structures. We report a 38 year old patient who presented with a foreign body metallic object in the neck which travelled subcutaneously without damaging adjacent vital structures. Appropriate clinical history, Detailed clinical examination and Radiological investigation played vital role in confirming the location of foreign body as there was only entry wound. No exit wound was present.

22-24

25-30

The current ongoing pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was first isolated in Wuhan, China. The disease caused by this virus is called “corona virus disease-19” (COVID-19) which has spread far and wide since then. New research has shed light on the transmission, etiopathogenesis and symptomatology of this novel corona virus. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, dyspnoea and hypogeusia/hyposmia.

31-45

Panic disorder (PD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by frequent panic attacks. People affected by Panic disorder often have difficulties with controlling their emotions. Due to its severity and chronic course, psychological management of Panic Disorder has gained considerable interest and clinical importance in the last few decades. Different types of psychological treatments have been developed to help people with the Panic disorder. Several empirically supported psychotherapies have been identified for panic disorder, which are theorized to ameliorate symptoms by targeting its underlying psychological mechanisms. In this review, we have reviewed several psychotherapeutic approaches such as panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy, supportive psychotherapy, psycho-education, relaxation training, exposure, cognitive restructuring, and mindfulness strategies. The present paper aims at briefly reviewing the understanding of psychopathology and psychotherapy with respect to PD. With this goal, we will first describe the concept of panic disorder, followed by the psychotherapeutic approaches and their empirical evidence. Finally, we will suggest some considerations with respect to the future research in the treatment of the PD.

46-52

53-57

: “Fungi are the interface organisms between life and death.” – Paul Stamets The incidence of Mucormycosis has been exponentially increased, along with the mounting second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. It is caused by Fungi- Mucorales, the most common of which is Rhizopusoryzae. The mucormycosis infection can involve skin (cutaneous mucormycosis), gastrointestinal tract, lungs (pulmonary mucormycosis), nasal cavities, orbit and may also extend to cranial cavity (rhino-orbito-cerebral), or may also occur in disseminated form. The rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is most aggressive as reports are suggestive of increased mortality rate in this form. The aim of this review is to discuss the ocular manifestations in Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM), its diagnosis and management in brief.

58-62

63-66