Background: Annona muricata (soursop) leaf extract contains acetogenins, which inhibit mitochondrial complex I, and alkaloids, known neurotoxins. This study investigates the neuroanatomical and biochemical effects of crude aqueous A. muricata leaf extract on the prefrontal cortices of maternal and foetal Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=8 each). Treated groups received 0.5 ml of crude aqueous soursop leaf extract during the second and third trimesters, while controls received distilled water ad libitum. Rats were sacrificed a day before delivery via cervical dislocation. Prefrontal cortex tissues were processed for histological examination using Hematoxylin & Eosin staining and biochemical analysis of oxidative stress markers: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). Serum progesterone and oestrogen levels were also measured.

01-16

Background: Propoxur, a carbamate pesticide, induces liver injury through oxidative stress and inflammation, primarily via the xanthine oxidase/uric acid signalling pathway, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and hepatic damage. Lycopene, a powerful antioxidant in tomatoes, counters oxidative stress and inflammation, but its protective role against propoxur-induced liver toxicity remains underexplored. This study evaluates lycopene’s potential in mitigating pesticide-induced liver injury. Methodology: Thirty male Wistar rats (average weight: 165 g) were divided into six groups (A–F) of five rats each. Group A served as the control, while Groups B and C were exposed to propoxur (3 ppm) for 30 days, with exposure durations of 5 minutes and 1 hour daily, respectively. Group D received lycopene (10 mg/kg) for 30 days, while Groups E and F were co-treated with propoxur and lycopene.

17-28

Background: Effective crack check is a pivotal element of intraoral surgical procedures. While conventional non-absorbable sutures remain extensively used, indispensable styles similar as synthetic absorbable sutures, towel bonds, and surgical masses have gained adding acceptance in recent times. Among these, cyanoacrylate- grounded towel bonds have demonstrated notable biocompatibility and ease of operation. In order to promote intraoral crack mending after alveoloplasty, the current investigation compared the clinical concerns of 3-0 silk sutures and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue. Materials & Methods: This prospective clinical trial was conducted on 20 cases taking bilateral alveoloplasty in the same dental bow (maxillary or mandibular). Individuals with previous oral diseases or systemic ails were excluded. In each case, one surgical point was closed using n- butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, while the contralateral point was secured with 3- 0 pleated silk sutures. Parameters estimated included time needed for crack check, achievement of intraoperative and postoperative haemostasis, interval before first deliverance analgesic input, postoperative pain intensity, and rate of crack mending.

29-39

HIV continues to pose a substantial public health burden, with over 1.3 million new cases globally in 2023. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has transformed the HIV prevention landscape. However, oral PrEP regimens suffer from adherence challenges, resistance, and stigma. The 2025 FDA approval of Lenacapavir, a novel capsid inhibitor with biannual subcutaneous administration, introduces a promising long-acting PrEP option. This review provides a comprehensive appraisal of PrEP evolution, current regimens, the pharmacology and clinical efficacy of Lenacapavir, implementation barriers, and future directions, with a focus on its potential in the Indian context.

40-46

Stroke, or brain attack, occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by a blockage or a rupture of blood vessel, causing brain cells to die from lack of oxygen and nutrients. The two main types are ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke. The dyselectrolytemia particularly hyponatremia is significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including higher stroke severity upon admission, prolonged hospital stays, and poorer functional outcomes at discharge. Importantly, hyponatremia has also been found to be a significant predictor of mortality. The prognostic accuracy of serum sodium levels in predicting mortality further emphasizes the clinical utility of monitoring electrolyte imbalances in stroke management. These results underscore the importance of early recognition and management of hyponatremia as part of comprehensive care strategies for acute ischemic stroke patients, aiming to improve out comes and enhance prognostic assessment in clinical practice.

47-66

An 8-month-old baby presented with symptoms respiratory distress and history of aspiration of food particle. Physical examination and investigations revealed that the left main bronchus was obstructed due the foreign body being lodged in its distal part. The foreign body was carefully retrieved by direct bronchoscopy in Emergency OT following which the condition of child drastically improved.

67-75

The core tenets of complete denture treatment are retention, stability, and support with acceptable aesthetics and good speech. For patients with specific anatomical traits such as highly resorbed ridges, long lip length, and increased interridge distance, the principles are often compromised with conventional dentures. The maxillary denture fabricated in such patients are bulky in nature which further compromise its retention. Such clinical situations necessitate the fabrication of a hollow complete denture to reduce the weight of the prosthesis and increase retention. Moreover, the reduced material volume contributes to more life-like usage of the maxillary complete denture with improved patient satisfaction. This article presents several ways of crafting hollow dentures with the aim of preserving the underlying tissues, enhancing denture performance, and minimizing bone resorption.

76-84